Poverty

White woman in a white top looking downward
Freda Hogan Ameringer (1892–1988)
Freda Hogan Ameringer was a journalist, Socialist Party official, and labor activist in Sebastian County; she...
Arkansas River Valley Area Council (ARVAC)
When President Lyndon Johnson took office in 1963, he declared war on poverty. The nation’s poverty rate was...
African-American men and women with Acorn banner on covered porch with film crew in the foreground
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN)
aka: ACORN
The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) w...
Stop sign at intersection with signs for Bankhead drive and east 39th street.
Annie Mae Bankhead (1904–1989)
Annie Mae Bankhead was a longtime civic and civil rights activist whose efforts made her a pillar of College S...
Jerome Bill Becker (1924–1997)
Jerome Bill Becker served as president of the Arkansas American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial...
"Changing the wheel constitution the trick" newspaper clipping
Brothers of Freedom
One of several farmers’ organizations formed in Arkansas during the early 1880s, the Brothers of Freedom ori...
Young white woman in oval frame
Ida Hayman Callery (1886–1917)
Ida Hayman Callery was a teacher, suffragist, feminist, and socialist organizer in Arkansas prior to World War...
gray two-story building with covered entrances and steps on street corner with sign made of the letters C.A.D.C.
Central Arkansas Development Council
The Central Arkansas Development Council (CADC) was developed in direct response to the Economic Opportunity A...
"The Coal Hill Convicts" newspaper clipping
Coal Hill Convict Lease Investigation (1888)
In the spring of 1888, the coal mining operations in Johnson County, worked by convict leased labor, were the ...
Crossett Strike of 1940
The Crossett Strike of 1940 was a fifty-eight-day work stoppage in the lumber and manufacturing town of Crosse...
Decatur Strike of 1951
In 1950, the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North America began organizing workers at poultry...
"Hello girls may strike" newspaper clipping
Fort Smith Telephone Operators Strike of 1917
On September 19, 1917, women who were employed as telephone operators by the Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. i...
"The Situation at Texarkana" newspaper clipping
Great Southwestern Strike
At its height, the Great Southwestern Strike of 1886 shut down railway lines in five states (Arkansas, Illinoi...
"Editor disarms officer" newspaper clipping
Dan Hogan (1871–1935)
Dan Hogan was a socialist activist in Arkansas. A lawyer and journalist, Hogan embodied “witty and intellect...
Homelessness
Large numbers of homeless people live in Arkansas. Looking at data for people who received a funded service, e...
White man with bushy beard wearing glasses and plaid shirt speaking at lectern
Edd Jeffords (1945–2002)
Edd Jeffords was one of the most visible figures in the Arkansas counter-culture movement centered in Eureka S...
Group of white men in suits with portrait of white man in suit
Knights of Labor
The largest American labor organization of its era, the Knights of Labor (KOL) recruited workers across bounda...
Landlord-Tenant Laws
Landlord-tenant law is divided into two types: residential and commercial. Because commercial landlord-tenant ...
"Clayton and Langley. They get the cold shoulder at Pine Bluff" newspaper clipping
Isom P. Langley (1851–1930)
During the 1880s and early 1890s, Isom P. Langley was a leading figure in the farmer and labor movements in Ar...
African-American man with mustache in suit and tie
Claude M. Lightfoot (1910–1991)
Claude Lightfoot was an Arkansas-born Communist who became involved in politics after moving to Chicago, Illin...
African American woman and white woman working in garden
Lucie's Place
Lucie’s Place of Little Rock (Pulaski County) is a nonprofit organization providing support for LGBTQ+ (lesb...
Young white man in shirt and tie sitting in an office with his leg p on the chair and smoking a cigarette
Harry Leland Mitchell (1906–1989)
Harry Leland Mitchell was a lifelong union activist and co-founder of the Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union (ST...
White man with mustache in suit and tie
National Farmers’ Alliance and Industrial Union of America
aka: Southern Farmers' Alliance
aka: Farmers' Alliance
aka: Arkansas State Farmers’ Alliance
The National Farmers’ Alliance and Industrial Union, more commonl...
White man with beard in suit and bow tie
National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry
aka: The Grange
aka: Arkansas State Grange
aka: Patrons of Husbandry
In December 1867, Oliver Hudson Kelley, a former clerk in the U.S. ...
Marion Monden Noble (1911–2002)
Marion Monden Noble was an Arkansas-born lifelong communist who is one of three Arkansans known to have served...
White man with bushy beard wearing glasses and plaid shirt speaking at lectern
Ozark Institute [Organization]
From 1976 until its end in 1983, the Ozark Institute (OI) created job programs, provided advocacy for a dwindl...
"Pellagra expert called to State to investigate" newspaper clipping
Pellagra
Pellagra is a form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency of niacin (also known as nicotinic acid or v...
"Cleburne County Farm Cemetery National Register of Historic Places 2005" plaque on iron fence
Poorhouses
aka: Poor Farms
The use of the poorhouse came to the United States during the ninet...
Map of Arkansas with colored sections with income numbers and percentages in each labeled county
Poverty
In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that the national average of individuals living in poverty was 13.2 p...
African American woman wearing glasses and gesturing with her hand
Johnnie Pugh (1926–2025)
Johnnie Pugh, a pioneer in community organizing, advocacy, and activism, was instrumental in building one of t...
Wade Rathke (1948–)
Wade Rathke is a longtime community organizer and the founder of the Association of Community Organizations fo...
Mine buildings and train cars on tracks
Sebastian County Union War of 1914
The Sebastian County Union War of 1914 is one of the major instances of labor contention and violence in the s...