World War II to Faubus Era

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Andrew Lee Anderson (Killing of)
On July 17, 1963, an African American teenager named Andrew Lee Anderson was killed while fleeing from a posse...
Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR)
A key facilitator in the desegregation of public schools and businesses in the state, the Arkansas Council on ...
Arkansas Faith
Arkansas Faith was a short-lived newsletter published by the White Citizens’ Council of Arkansas in 1955 and...
profile view of black man speaking with short hair and mustache wearing a suit and tie
Desegregation of the Arkansas State Capitol
In 1964, Ozell Sutton, an African American man, sought to exercise his right to eat at the Arkansas State Ca...
Cover of a newspaper saying "happy anniversary little rock nine thirty years of progress"
Arkansas State Press
The weekly Arkansas State Press newspaper was founded in Little Rock (Pulaski County) in 1941 by civil rights ...
Stop sign at intersection with signs for Bankhead drive and east 39th street.
Annie Mae Bankhead (1904–1989)
Annie Mae Bankhead was a longtime civic and civil rights activist whose efforts made her a pillar of College S...
Isadore Banks (Murder of)
Isadore Banks, a fifty-nine-year-old prominent African-American landowner, disappeared on June 4, 1954. Banks...
African-American woman wearing dark colored dress with double strain shell necklace
Daisy Lee Gatson Bates (1914?–1999)
Daisy Lee Gatson Bates was a mentor to the Little Rock Nine, the African American students who integrated Cent...
Older African-American man in suit and tie speaking before two microphones with assorted people behind him
Lucious Christopher (L. C.) Bates (1904–1980)
Lucious Christopher (L.C.) Bates was the founder of the Arkansas State Press newspaper. Under his direction, t...
African American man with glasses in suit and tie
Branton v. State
When the U.S. Supreme Court declared in 1944 that Southern states could no longer bar African Americans from v...
African American man with glasses in suit and tie
Wiley Austin Branton Sr. (1923–1988)
Wiley Austin Branton was a civil rights leader in Arkansas who helped desegregate the University of Arkansas S...
Arthur Brann Caldwell (1906–1987)
Arthur Brann Caldwell served in several capacities with the federal government over nearly four decades, inclu...
three black men and black woman looking off in the distance
Civil Rights Movement (Twentieth Century)
The 1957 desegregation crisis at Central High School in Little Rock (Pulaski County) is often viewed as the mo...
Older African-American man with glasses and beard smiling in suit and tie
Committee on Negro Organizations (CNO)
The Committee on Negro Organizations (CNO) was an Arkansas-based civil rights organization that focused its ef...
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is a civil rights organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, in 1942 th...
African-American woman smiling in collared white shirt
Council on Community Affairs (COCA)
The Council on Community Affairs (COCA) was an African-American civil rights leadership group in Little Rock (...
Lee Edward Culbreath (Murder of)
Lee Edward Culbreath, a fourteen-year-old Black youth, was shot to death on December 5, 1965, in Portland (Ash...
African-American woman wearing dark colored dress with double strain shell necklace
Daisy Bates et al. v. City of Little Rock
aka: Bates v. City of Little Rock
Daisy Bates et al. v. City of Little Rock, 361 U.S. 516 (1960) was ...
Edmondson Home and Improvement Company v. Harold E. Weaver
Edmondson Home and Improvement Company v. Harold E. Weaver was a civil suit in the Crittenden County Chancery ...
Older African-American man with glasses and beard smiling in suit and tie
William Harold Flowers (1911–1990)
William Harold Flowers was a lawyer, minister, social and political activist, and one of the leading figures i...
Thomas P. Foster (Killing of)
In 1942, during World War II, a Little Rock (Pulaski County) police officer shot and killed Sergeant Thomas P....
Freedom Centers, Houses, Schools, and Libraries
While operating in Arkansas, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) established numerous Freedom...
African-American man and white woman talking to white man in suit
Freedom Rides
The Freedom Rides were a tactic employed by civil rights demonstrators in 1961 to place pressure on the federa...
John Gammon Jr. (1904–1988)
John Gammon Jr. was a founder and first president of the Arkansas Negro Farmers Association, in addition to be...
African American man in suit standing in front of airplane
Marlon DeWitt Green (1929–2009)
In 1963, Marlon DeWitt Green, an Arkansas-born African American and former U.S. Air Force pilot, broke the air...
African American man in suit standing by camera
Geleve Grice (1922–2004)
Capturing some of the most powerful aspects of African-American life from the mundane to the sublime, Geleve G...
Nathaniel Robadeau (Nat) Griswold (1901–1991)
The Reverend Nathaniel R. Griswold worked toward greater education, tolerance, and spiritual understanding in ...
Old white man with glasses and beard in blue shirt and jeans sitting at computer desk in office decorated with African artwork
Bill Hansen (1939–)
aka: William Hansen
William (Bill) Hansen, a longtime political activist, was the first...
African-American woman with glasses and large necklace
Theressa Hoover (1925–2013)
Theressa Hoover worked for human rights and unity through the United Methodist Church for nearly fifty years. ...
Headline "Helen Booker Ivey
Helen Booker Ivey (1896?–1946)
Helen Booker Ivey was a longtime teacher and principal in Little Rock (Pulaski County) public schools. The Col...
Crowd of Asian-American children stand in rows holding hands over head in field near housing units.
Japanese American Relocation Camps
After Japan’s surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, and America’s subsequent decla...
young black woman seated speaking gesturing
Edith Irby Jones (1927–2019)
Edith Irby Jones was the first African American to attend and to graduate from the University of Arkansas Medi...