Overview

African-American women in formal dresses with a child sitting in chairs while men in suits stand behind them
African Americans
African Americans constitute 15.1 percent of Arkansas’s population, according to the 2020 census, and they h...
Chickens in cages from egg to adult with advertisements for an electric hatchery device
Agriculture
Agriculture has played a major role in Arkansas’s culture from territorial times, when farmers made up more ...
Arkansas's Regional Identity
Arkansas’s regional identity is a complex affair, given that the state overlaps the cultural and geographica...
White man on a white horse talking to a white family outside a log cabin with the word "Whisky" written above the front door
Arts, Culture, and Entertainment
Arkansas’s cultural record may begin on the state’s eastern edge, with a painted buffalo skin made by the ...
White drivers in uniform pose with their delivery trucks outside Yarnell's Angel-Food building
Business, Commerce, and Industry
Business, commerce, and industry in Arkansas developed with the help of Arkansas’s natural resources. In the...
Soldiers posing in line wearing hats with buildings cabins tents on hillside in background
Civil War through Reconstruction, 1861 through 1874
In the last years of the 1850s, Arkansas enjoyed an economic boom that was unparalleled in its history. But in...
Group of white men and women sitting in chairs indoors
Divergent Prosperity and the Arc of Reform, 1968–2022
In November 2004, President George W. Bush joined former presidents George H. W. Bush and Jimmy Carter to spea...
Black and white photo of white boy in tinted goggles lying on examination table below lights and medical device
Early Twentieth Century, 1901 through 1940
Arkansas faced a number of opportunities and challenges in the first four decades of the twentieth century. No...
Three-story red brick school building with trees and parked cars
Elementary and Secondary Education
Education has been evolving since the first humans arrived in Arkansas. By the late nineteenth century, as Ame...
A&M College concrete arch in front of tree and building
Higher Education
Formal education above the high school level came to be known as higher education in the twentieth century. In...
Farmer and boy using a horse drawn plow in a field with hills in the background
Environment
Arkansas’s physical environment features a mild climate, adequate rainfall, a rural and relatively uncrowded...
White man wearing a suit of armor with a sword
European Exploration and Settlement, 1541 through 1802
The region that became Arkansas was unknown to Europeans until the 1540s. Fifty years after Christopher Columb...
Old white man playing a fiddle on stage with old white woman and white guitarists
Folklore and Folklife
When English antiquarian William J. Thoms introduced his new coinage “folk-lore” in 1846, he intended it a...
Red crawfish in white man's hand
Food and Foodways
Because nutrition is essential to human survival, the production and consumption of food has been central to l...
Aerial view of river and fields in the background, white man and woman perched on rock outcropping in foreground
Geography and Geology
Geography has played an important and continuing role in the history and culture of Arkansas. From settlement ...
Black female nurse holding black infant on bed examined with stethoscope by black male doctor
Health and Medicine
Arkansas long had a reputation for being sickly because much of the state supported large mosquito populations...
Older white woman with short hair in fancy beaded dress
Historic Preservation
Arkansas has an active preservation community with a notable success record in saving buildings, sites, and ne...
African-American man in suit and bow tie sitting in a courtroom
Law
Law develops out of the customs practiced by groups of people. In Arkansas, as in other places, the law has ev...
White man in a collared shirt standing in his office
Literature and Authors
Arkansas’s place in Southern American literature is partly a result of its place on the map. The eastern bor...
Printed United States map showing states and territories with "Explanation" caption in corner
Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood, 1803 through 1860
A century of French and Spanish imperial control had little permanent effect on Arkansas, leaving it with fewe...
Room full of white men and women working on their typewriters
Mass Media
For a small state with regard to population and geography, Arkansas has a surprisingly large number of mass me...
Three armed male soldiers hurriedly exiting powered helicopter in field near tree line
Military
Arkansas’s military history began sometime after the first Paleoindian hunter-gatherers arrived. Territorial...
Three Caddo women in dresses and hair ornamentation photographed from behind
Native Americans
Arkansas was home to Native Americans long before Europeans arrived. The first explorers met Indians whose anc...
Group of white men in suits standing behind three suited white men sitting at a desk
Politics and Government
“Arkansas,” its leading newspaper once lamented, “has too much politics.” But while the state has seen...
White men in suits one woman pose in horse drawn carriages by arched brick building
Post-Reconstruction through the Gilded Age, 1875 through 1900
In the years that followed Reconstruction, Arkansas experienced changes that paralleled trends taking place el...
Graphic showing different types of arrowheads and artifacts
Pre-European Exploration, Prehistory through 1540
The pre-European history of Arkansas begins 13,500 years ago in the Pleistocene epoch, when cold weather preva...
Two white boys fish off wooden bridge with lily pads in foreground, stone lodge in background.
Recreation and Sports
Recreation and sports have long been vital to Arkansas. Recreation has been important in Arkansas since prehis...
White women, children, and men stand in river with observers, hillside concrete wall in background
Religion
The number of people in Arkansas who believe in and practice a religious faith has always been high, with the ...
Three-toed bone cast in plaster
Science and Technology
Arkansas has had a rather conflicted relationship with science and technology throughout its history. On the o...
White girl and boy photographed by woman in front of sign "Welcome to Arkansas Land of Opportunity"
Tourism
The term “tourism,” meaning “traveling as a recreation,” was not common in the nineteenth century, nor...
White men pose on horse-drawn trolley labeled "Walnut Ridge & Hoxie, 2" with store, restaurant behind
Transportation
The systems of conveyance both through and within Arkansas involve routes that include land, air, and water. B...
White women in uniform wearing bandanas pose with an American flag
Women
From prehistoric times through the French and Spanish colonial eras, from the territorial period through state...