1803 - 1860

Louisiana Purchase through Early Statehood
Act 151 of 1859
aka: Act to Remove the Free Negroes and Mulattos from the State
aka: Arkansas's Free Negro Expulsion Act of 1859
The Arkansas General Assembly passed a bill in February 1859 that b...
Multistory brick building in disrepair with vines growing up the side
Alexander George House
The Alexander George House was a historic home located in Little Rock (Pulaski County). Constructed between 18...
Allen-Oden Duel
An Arkansas territorial legislator was mortally wounded on March 10, 1820, in the first recorded duel fought i...
"Dear Colonel" letter in newspaper on August 19, 1849
Alph (Lynching of)
A mob of white residents of Benton County lynched Alph, an enslaved African-American man, on August 20, 1849. ...
"The destruction of the Anthony House" newspaper clipping
Anthony House
From 1830 until 1875, a premier hotel stood on the southwest corner of Markham and Scott streets in Little Roc...
"Debate over wolf scalp bounties led to fatal fight" newspaper clipping
Joseph J. Anthony (1780?–1837)
Joseph J. Anthony, a soldier, politician, and Arkansas pioneer, fell victim to one of the most extraordinary a...
Portrait painting of white man formal dress with pocket watch chain
Joseph J. Anthony (Murder of)
The only recorded violent death on the floor of the Arkansas General Assembly occurred on December 4, 1837, in...
Young white man in suit and scarf with dark background
Antiquarian and Natural History Society of Arkansas
One of Arkansas’s first attempts to preserve its history was organized by a group of “gentlemen naturalist...
Appeal of the Arkansas Exiles to Christians throughout the World
The “Appeal of the Arkansas Exiles to Christians throughout the World” was a plea for assistance written b...
Newspaper front page "Arkansas Banner"
Arkansas Banner
In 1843, Democrats in Little Rock (Pulaski County) sought a new newspaper, as the Arkansas State Gazette (1836...
grayscale drawing of white buildings one prominently placed with a bell tower and men on horseback and a horse-drawn carriage on the road in front
Arkansas College
Arkansas College was founded in Fayetteville (Washington County) in late 1850 by pastor Robert Graham of the D...
Text "Arkansas Intelligencer" above quote "Let Every Freeman Speak His Thoughts" short passage of poetry titled "To Mary" in column to left the rest of page covered in text describing local events including communication with Native Americans and school elections as well as some national news involving military conflict medicine and agriculture
Arkansas Intelligencer
The Arkansas Intelligencer, published in Van Buren (Crawford County), was an important antebellum newspaper in...
Arkansas Married Woman's Property Law
Under the common law that prevailed in all American jurisdictions except Louisiana, once a woman married, all ...
Portrait white man in suit military medal long wavy hair thick beard smoking large pipe
Arkansas Military Institute
The Arkansas Military Institute was one of the earliest schools of its kind in the state. Established in Tulip...
Portrait white man in suit military medal long wavy hair thick beard smoking large pipe
Arkansas Mounted Rifles [Mexican War]
The Arkansas Mounted Rifles was a regiment of volunteers from the state who participated in the Mexican War as...
Steam powered ironclad boats attacking a fort
Arkansas Post
Arkansas Post was the first and most significant European establishment in Arkansas. In the colonial and early...
Hand signed print saying "1839 William Ryan twenty five shares" with interest divestment and transfer notes
Arkansas Real Estate Bank
In 1836, the establishment of the Real Estate Bank of Arkansas became the initial act to pass the first state ...
Five dollar note with Native American man in center artwork
Arkansas State Bank
The Arkansas State Bank (1836–1843) was one of two banks created by the newly formed Arkansas state legislat...
A map of Arkansas with various boundaries
Arkansas Donation Land Act of 1840
On December 23, 1840, Arkansas’s governor Archibald Yell signed into law a statute with the cumbersome title...
Arkansas Synodical College
The Arkansas Synodical College, chartered shortly before the Civil War, was one of several abortive attempts b...
Balding white man in suit with black collar
Arkansas Times and Advocate
aka: Arkansas Advocate
The Arkansas Advocate was the second successful newspaper in Arkans...
"Sinking of the Arkansas Traveler" newspaper clipping
Arkansas Traveler [Steamboat]
The Arkansas Traveler was a steamboat that sank after hitting a snag in the Arkansas River below Pine Bluff (J...
Newspaper masthead "Arkansas True Democrat"
Arkansas True Democrat
The True Democrat (1852–1857) was first printed on September 7, 1852, in Little Rock (Pulaski County) by own...
Illustration of ironclad boat parked at dock with steamboat
Steamboats Named Arkansas
At least twenty nineteenth-century steamboats were called Arkansas or a derivative of the state’s name, acco...
Alfred W. Arrington (1810–1867)
The colorful and often controversial Alfred W. Arrington was an attorney, minister, and Arkansas state legisla...
Ashley County Lynching of 1857
Prior to the Civil War, most lynchings in Arkansas and across the nation (particularly on the frontier) took ...
Portrait painting of white man formal dress with pocket watch chain
Chester Ashley (1791–1848)
Chester Ashley was prominent in territorial and antebellum Arkansas. He was involved in the dispute over owner...
Old white man with sideburns surrounded by birds and plant life with the word "Audubon" in the center
John James Audubon (1785–1851)
John James Audubon, a frontier naturalist and artist, is famous for illustrating and writing The Birds of Amer...
Austin v. The State
Slaves in the United States had no legal rights and only limited access to legal protection, so few legal case...
White man holding rifle
Stephen Fuller Austin (1793–1836)
Stephen Fuller Austin, most widely known as the “Father of Texas,” spent a short period of his life in Ark...
Bearded white man in formal dress
George Washington Baines (1809–1882)
George W. Baines was a prominent nineteenth-century Southern Baptist minister, teacher, Arkansas politician, a...
White man with mustache in jacket and shirt
Jacob Barkman (1784–1852)
Jacob Barkman is known as the father of Clark County. An early settler along the Caddo River, Barkman eventual...